IMPACT OF AUTONOMOUS SHIPS ON SAFETY OF NAVIGATION

Abdelhamed Mohamed Abdou Hemida

DOI NO. https://doi.org/10.59660/51114 Received 09/07/2025, Revised 02/08/2025, Acceptance 03/09/2025, Available online and Published 01/01/2026

Abstract

The research explores the transformative potential of autonomous surface vessels in maritime operations, focusing on technological, operational, and safety dimensions. The study addresses the concept of autonomous ships and their levels of autonomy, identify challenges and risks. The study identifies key research problems including technological vulnerabilities such as sensor failures, cybersecurity threats, and algorithmic errors; risks arising from mixed navigation environments involving autonomous and crewed vessels; and regulatory and legal gaps that hinder the safe integration of autonomous technologies. Additionally, the need for specialized training for seafarers to manage these emerging systems is emphasized. The research aims to analyze these challenges and risks comprehensively while evaluating advancements in navigation safety technologies. The methodology combines a literature review, risk analysis, and a survey-based evaluation of autonomous ships’ impact on navigational safety.

The research emphasizes the critical role of human oversight, especially during emergencies, and advocates for human-machine collaboration as a practical solution to enhance navigational safety. Additionally, it reviews international regulatory efforts, particularly those by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), aimed at establishing legal and cybersecurity frameworks to build trust in autonomous vessels. Based on these findings, the study recommends adopting a hybrid approach that combines automation with human supervision to ensure the safe and effective integration of autonomous maritime technologies in the maritime domain.