أثر تطبيق أبعاد التنمية المستدامة من خلال التكنولوجيا الحديثة على الأداء التشغيلي للموانئ البحرية (دراسة تطبيقية على ميناء مصراته البحري)

الأستاذ/ أبو بكر عبد الله سالم قاجوم

DOI NO. https://doi.org/10.59660/50716 Received 07/10/2024, Revised 27/11/2024, Acceptance 15/01/2025, Available online and Published 01/07/2025

المستخلص:

تعتبر الموانئ بمثابة المراكز الحاسمة للتجارة العالمية وسلاسل التوريد. تساهم الموانئ في التجارة الإقليمية والعالمية، وتلعب دورًا مهمًا كمحفز للاقتصاد وكموقع مركزي يخدم الصناعات المتعلقة بالتجارة الدولية. لذلك، لا يشكل مفهوم الاستدامة في عمليات الموانئ فقط طابع النجاح في المنافسة الديناميكية بين الموانئ، ولكن أيضًا يحتل دورًا هامًا كمركز في الصناعات المرتبطة بالتجارة الدولية. تعاني الموانئ الليبية من عدم الاهتمام بعناصر البيئة كما أن هناك عدم تطوير للاتفاقيات الدولية البيئية، والوضع البيئي القائم حالياً في ليبيـا غير مقبول، بيئياً وصحياً. بالإضافة إلى خروج دولة ليبيا من التصنيف العالمي للاستدامة البيئية من بين 142 دولة، وبعد أن كان ترتيبها (124)، انخفض ترتيبها إلى (126)، وانتهي بخروجها نهائياً من التصنيف العالمي بما يدل على وجود خلل ما في السياسة العامة للبيئة في ليبيا. ورغم انتشار مفهوم التنمية المستدامة، إلا أن المشكلة الرئيسية تكمن في ضرورة تحديد مؤشرات قياسية يمكن من خلالها قياس التقدم نحو التنمية المستدامة وتقييم مساهمة هذه المؤشرات في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة في الدول والمؤسسات. سعت الدراسة لإبراز كيفية تحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة بالموانئ البحرية الليبية، اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الاستنباطي، حيث سيقوم الباحث بجمع الأجوبة عن الأسئلة التي قد وضعها بالاستبيان وسيقوم الباحث بتطبيق دراسته ليتأكد من صحتها. تم توزيع استبيان بالاعتماد على مقياس ليكرت لجمع المعلومات لقياس مستوى تطبيق أبعاد الاستدامة الثلاثة والغرض منه الوقوف على كيفية زيادة الأداء التشغيلي بالميناء. وسيتم توزيع الاستبيان على كلا من العملاء المتعاملين مع الميناء والعاملين بالميناء ومديرو الإدارات الأخرى ذات العلاقة. وسيتم تحليلي الاستبيان باستخدام برنامج SPSS V.27.  توصلت الدراسة إلى وجود علاقة إيجابية بين البعد البيئي والبعد الاقتصادي والاجتماعي من ابعاد الاستدامة والاداء التشغيلي للموانئ.  توصلت الدراسة الحالية إلى أن تأثير متغير نظم المعلومات كمتغير يتوسط العلاقة بين البعد البيئي والأداء التشغيلي للموانئ، كذلك اوضحت النتائج التأثير الإيجابي للدور الوسيط لتكنولوجيا المعلومات في تأثير البعد الاقتصادي والاجتماعي والبيئي على الأداء التشغيلي للموانئ البحرية.

Assessing the Impact of Automating the Operational Processes at Khalifa Port Using Swot Analysis

Hazzaa Mohamed Aljneibi1, Hesham Helal2, Mohamed Elkersh3

DOI NO. https://doi.org/10.59660/50734 Received 22/02/2025, Revised 04/04/2025, Acceptance 14/05/2025, Available online and Published 01/07/2025

Abstract:

Khalifa Port’s journey towards automation is a strategic initiative that enhances its competitiveness, improves operational efficiency and its terminal operating systems in container terminal; supports global trade connectivity. As the port continues to evolve and adopt new technologies, it will not only solidify its position as a regional leader in the maritime industry but also contribute to the sustainability and growth of the UAE’s economy. By addressing weaknesses such as workforce gaps and capitalizing on opportunities like smart partnerships, Khalifa Port is poised to maintain its leadership role as a global hub for efficient, sustainable, and future-ready trade.

This research aims to evaluate the impact of automation on improving the efficiency and competitiveness of Khalifa Port, while also identifying any challenges or limitations that may prevent the port from fully achieving these objectives. This research follows a Descriptive approach using SWOT analysis. The research concluded that to ensure Khalifa Port’s continued competitiveness and future readiness, several strategic recommendations should be considered. First, investing in resilient technology is crucial. This involves prioritizing modular, upgradable automation systems that can adapt to future innovations, along with building redundancy protocols, such as backup power and manual override options, to mitigate risks of downtime. Key challenges and limitations include cybersecurity threats and technological obsolescence that may hinder operational stability and require costly updates. Intense regional competition and global economic shifts pose risks to return on automation investments. Additionally, social resistance to job displacement could lead to regulatory constraints.

The Negative Impact of Complacency on the Seafarer’s Attitude and Behaviors

Hesham Mohamed Eldabe

DOI NO. https://doi.org/10.59660/50733 Received 16/03/2025, Revised 10/04/2025, Acceptance 14/25/2025, Available online and Published 01/07/2025

Abstract:

In safety-critical sectors, particularly in maritime transport, where it is a major cause of accidents and incidents involving seafarers, the marine environment, and economic resources, complacency is a recurring and dangerous problem. The objective of this study is to investigate the root causes of seafarers’ complacency and its impact on safety performance. By using a mixed-methods approach, i.e., a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, the study produced comprehensive and meaningful data. While the quantitative data provided quantitative patterns regarding complacency, fatigue, job satisfaction, and corporate culture, the qualitative data was collected through questionnaire to capture the unique views of seafarers. The study also examines the way compliance varies by vessel type and other working environments. The findings are that human watchfulness is weakened, and complacency is inadvertently created, even while technology like monitoring and automation systems improve operational effectiveness. In addition to compromising maritime safety, this double impact renders seafarers more stressed, tired and dissatisfied, and detrimental to their mental and physical well-being. The study adds to the body of knowledge by pinpointing the importance of taking seafarers’ viewpoints on board while formulating methods of minimizing complacency, something that has been broadly overlooked in existing research.

The Integration of ArcGIS Drone2Map with ArcGIS Pro Software to Solve the Miss Alignment in Processed Drone Data to Extract Shoreline

Mohamed Elmeligy1, Ahmed Elrabbany2, Saad Mesbah3, Mohamed Mohasseb4

DOI NO. https://doi.org/10.59660/50713 Received 07/01/2025, Revised 10/02/2025, Acceptance 20/03/2025, Available online and Published 01/07/2025

Abstract:

Shoreline is defined as the boundary between sea and land, and its accurate extraction plays a crucial role in both the economic and ecological value of coastal areas during the significant impacts of global warming and sea-level rise. Recently, satellite remote sensing is widely used for environmental monitoring.

High-resolution imagery provided by drones shows great improvement in accuracy and subtle variation of details of shoreline extraction compared to traditional satellite data. Reliability and quality under different remote sensing-based extraction techniques rely on several interrelated factors. For example, High-resolution photography will be necessary for the kind and caliber of input data needed for precise feature recognition along the shoreline. Furthermore, despite the increased resolution, shifting environmental factors like lighting or vegetation cover may cause drone-UAV picture quality to deteriorate, decreasing the precision of coastline delineation.

An accurate processing for drone imagery is critical to maintaining the high-resolution drone imagery. ArcGIS package offers a powerful tool, such as Drone2Map and ArcGIS Pro, to process image whether it delivered from drone or satellite. Unfortunately, the significant shift between processed data and basemap has been observed when Drone2Map has been used in the processing. The reality mapping tool in ArcGIS Pro has been used to decrease the shift to a few centimeters which is acceptable result to create the Digital Surface Model (DSM) from the drone Imagery.

Cybersecurity Threats in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships Navigating Canals and Narrow Channels: A Risk Assessment Using STPA-Safety/Security and Fuzzy-AHP

Eslam Ramadan Badry Gad1, Teona Khabeishvili 2

DOI NO. https://doi.org/10.59660/50730 Received 08/02/2025, Revised 05/03/2025, Acceptance 07/04/2025, Available online and Published 01/07/2025

Abstract:

Maritime canals and narrow channels are critical for global trade, yet their confined nature poses significant risks, especially with the increasing reliance on digital technologies in ship navigation. This study investigates cybersecurity threats to Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) operating in these environments, focusing on potential cyber-attacks that could lead to accidents such as grounding, collisions, and loss of propulsion control. Utilizing the System-Theoretic Process Analysis for Safety and Security (STPA-Safety/Security) combined with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (F-AHP), the study identifies and prioritizes key threats, including GPS/AIS spoofing, communication jamming, and thruster override. Expert input via the Delphi method validates the threat scenarios, providing a comprehensive risk assessment. The findings highlight the urgent need for enhanced cybersecurity measures, such as redundant navigation systems, secure communication channels, and improved operator training. The study contributes to maritime cybersecurity literature by offering a structured methodology for assessing and mitigating cyber risks in autonomous ship operations, particularly in confined waterways.

Bridging the Gap: Modernizing Environmental Management Systems in Egyptian Seaports to Align with Global Maritime Transport Trends

Mohamed Elhussieny1, Agne Jucyte Cicine2

DOI NO. https://doi.org/10.59660/50731 Received 01/03/2025, Revised 03/04/2025, Acceptance 07/05/2025, Available online and Published 01/07/2025

Abstract:

Innovation of Environmental Management Systems (EMS) at Egyptian seaports needs to be done in parallel with the international trends toward maritime sustainability and competitiveness due to stricter global policy within the industry. This research is based on implementing Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis and comparative case studies of leading ports (Rotterdam, Singapore, Los Angeles) to determine the key issues of Egypt’s Environmental Management System (EMS). The results indicate the presence of technological gaps (shifts from manual emissions reporting to AI monitoring and blockchain tracking), regulatory gaps (contradiction of the local legal frameworks with MARPOL Annex VI provisions), funding gaps (scope of green funding), and local gaps (non-uses of solar energy and addressing biodiversity conservation). The study outlines specific actions, including legislative changes for the adoption of carbon reduction strategies for 40% by 2030 and 70% by 2050, integration of shore power enabling facilities, and creation of supporting national port climate funds to invite foreign investment. The strategies seek to leverage Egypt’s geographical location next to the Suez Canal and solar energy with the aim of changing Egyptian seaports into pro-environmental centers.

With regard to sustainability in maritime shipping, this study integrates models with real-world applications, providing a guide for decision-makers and port managers to meet international requirements while furthering Egypt’s Vision 2030 and the National Strategy for Green Ports 2030.

A Comprehensive Investigation into Full-Scale Characteristics Contributing to Seafarers’ Psychological Security: Egyptian Seafarers as a Case Study

Nader S. Fahim1, Amman A. Aly2, Marwa M. Elkhateeb3

DOI NO. https://doi.org/10.59660/50712 Received 28/12/2024, Revised 02/02/2025, Acceptance 19/03/2025, Available online and Published 01/07/2025

Abstract:

The mental health of seafarers has long been a major concern for maritime industry stakeholders. It plays a pivotal role in enabling seafarers to cope with onboard anxiety and fear, while preventing costly human errors. Moreover, achieving psychological security is fundamental for seafarers to adapt to their environment and competently fulfil their duties onboard. This research aims to evaluate the psychological security of seafarers in relation to various demographic factors. To achieve this, a novel Psychological Security Scale (PSS) was developed then administered to 248 Egyptian seafarers. Through rigorous quantitative analysis of the collected data, the study revealed that factors related to the work environment and interactions with colleagues were more influential in determining psychological security than family-related aspects, accounting for 28% of the variance (R2=28%). Notably, seafarers who experienced satisfaction in meeting their physiological needs onboard exhibited heightened psychological security. Other factors bolstering psychological security included regular family communication, robust social interactions with crew members, adherence to a scheduled crew change, salary satisfaction, and engagement in physical workouts.

Application of Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS-MA) vs Root Cause Analysis (RCA) in Investigation of Maritime Incident within Marine Ports

Lafi Mubarak Al-Azemi 1, Eslam Adel 2, Sameh Farahat 3

DOI NO. https://doi.org/10.59660/50711 Received 06/12/2024, Revised 27/01/2025, Acceptance 15/03/2025, Available online and Published 01/07/2025

Abstract:

This study compares the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) and Root Cause Analysis (RCA) in the context of marine incident investigations within the Marine Port. HFACS focuses on human error and organizational influences, while RCA identifies the underlying causes of incidents through a systematic process. The comparison highlights HFACS’s detailed approach to human and systemic factors and RCA’s efficiency in pinpointing direct causes. The findings suggest that both methods have unique strengths and, when used together, can provide a more comprehensive framework for improving safety and risk management in port operations.

Assessing the Accuracy of Histogram Threshold and Band Ratio as a Shoreline Extraction Techniques from Low-resolution Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery

Mohamed Elmeligy1, Ahmed Elrabbany2, Saad Mesbah3, Mohmoud Hassan4, Mohamed Mohasseb5

DOI NO. https://doi.org/10.59660/50710 Received 12/12/2024, Revised 04/01/2025, Acceptance 16/02/2025, Available online and Published 01/07/2025

Abstract:

Coastal regions worldwide have a significant role for humanity in various aspects. Maintaining coastal zones vitally supports the local and global economy concerning fisheries, tourism, transportation, and human activities. Rapid climate changes due to wind, global warming, sea level rise, and human activities such as construction have negative impacts, such as coastal erosion, which has caused dramatic changes in shorelines. Therefore, adapting coastal management and environmental monitoring will assist in mitigating the adverse effects. To ensure sustainability development in planning and disaster response, it is essential to map and classify shoreline changes. Despite advances in remote sensing satellites, coastal zone management suffered from low resolution in both spatial and temporal aspects from open-source platforms such as MODIS, Landsat, and Sentinel. Moreover, high-resolution drone images are still limited, in addition to many challenges and restrictions.

This paper aims to evaluate the accuracy of shoreline extraction techniques such as histogram threshold and band ratio from the low-resolution Sentinel-2 satellite imagery using shoreline delivered from high-resolution drone images as a ground truth.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) has been applied to Testing the differences in deviations between various techniques. In addition to Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) to measure the discrepancies between the derived and reference shorelines. As a result of the evaluation of both histogram threshold and band ratio as a shoreline extraction method from satellite regarding the reference shoreline extracted from the drone, the main finding showed that the threshold is better than band ratio shoreline extraction technique from low-resolution sentinel-2 satellite imagery.

Maritime Port Evolution: Balancing Operational Excellence with Zero-Emission Requirements in the Context of IMO 2050 Objectives

Mohamed Elhussieny

DOI NO. https://doi.org/10.59660/50709 Received 27/10/2024, Revised 12/12/2024, Acceptance 27/02/2025, Available online and Published 01/07/2025

Abstract:

This study looks at how maritime ports have evolved toward the IMO’s 2050 zero-emission goals while keeping operational excellence in mind. Additionally, the study uses a mixed methodology by examining case studies of prominent global ports like Rotterdam, Singapore, Los Angeles, Dubai, and East Port Said. The study also assesses the use of sophisticated monitoring systems and digital technologies, which have shown substantial improvements in both environmental performance and operational efficiency. In addition, the data suggests that ports with full-system environmental management systems resulted in emissions being monitored at 98% accuracy and a 60% reduction in operational downtime when IoT was used. Thereafter, the study highlights key success factors such as technological integration, strategic alliances, and innovative funding mechanisms. This study brings theoretical meaning and a practical approach to represent port competitiveness in the global maritime system, as ports must comply with the environment.