An integrated analysis of key factors causing fires in high-tier containers on Ultra-Large Container Vessels

Alaa Mohamed Elsayed Ammar (1), Amr Moneer Ibrahim (2), Hesham Helal (3),  Daniele Conte (4)

DOI NO. https://doi.org/10.59660/52723 Received 08/08/2025, Revised 02/10/2025, Acceptance 25/11/2025, Available online and Published 01/07/2026

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to determine the reasoning behind the human factor, the lack of declaration of dangerous goods, the lack of a sophisticated fire detection system, the primary causes of fire outbreaks on high-tier stowed containers on Ultra Large container vessels (ULCVs), and potential answers: fire prevention and fire mitigation. The researcher employed descriptive-analytical techniques and developed a survey distributed to seafarers. 156 responses qualified. They were processed using SPSS v26. The researcher brought to light the most impactful of which were human factors, fire detecting infrastructure, and lack of declared dangerous cargo. It is recommended in this research that more sophisticated fire prevention systems should be in place, more stringent regulations on fire-hazardous cargo should be implemented, and that fire risk mitigation training should be implemented on the part of the crew. This research is disseminated to ship operators, the fire safety practices regulatory and stakeholders in the maritime transport sector to enhance fire safety practices and protect life, cargo, and the marine environment.