Category: AIN Journal July 2022

نائل محمد الخالدي

أمحمد سعد أمحمد مسعود، نرمين خليفة، إيمان حداد، محمد السعداني

نائل محمد الخالدي

المستخلص
:السفن التي يملكها الكثير من مالك السفن، سواء مالك ان رفع اعالم دول التسجيل المفتوح على
السفن التي تنتمي للدول البحرية التقليدية المتقدمة او النامية، هو من اجل، بدون شك، تخفيض تكاليف التشغيل اليومية للسفن، وبالتالي، االستمرار بالوقوف في االسواق البحرية العالمية في تلك األسواق، لكن، من جهة أخرى معارضة، قد يكون ومواجهة المنافسة الشديدة والشرسة رفع تلك االعالم على حساب عدم التقيد والتنفيذ وااللتزام بإجراءات ومتطلبات وقواعد االتفاقيات الدولية ذات الصلة بمعايير االمن والسالمة ومنع التلوث البحري وكفاءة الطاقم البحري وظروف غذاء ….. الخ. لذلك ان المجتمع الدولي والدول البحرية التقليدية عمله من أجور واعاشة وعالج و والمنظمات الحكومية والغير حكومية وهيئات التصنيف وشركات التامين وغيرها لم تغض النظر وتقف مكتوفة االيدي امام توسع وانتشار نظام تسجيل السفن المفتوح على باقي أنظمة تسجيل السفن والجهود في معالجة ومواجهة توسع وانتشار نظام تسجيل السفن األخرى، ومن ضمن الطرق المفتوح هو فرض الرقابة في الموانئ البحرية على السفن األجنبية أي كان نوعها، تسجيل وطني او تسجيل مفتوح، وذلك عن طريق تطبيق سلطة رقابة دولة الميناء

Port State Control (PSC) ونظرا ً لألهمية الكبيرة التي حققتها سلطة رقابة دولة الميناء ،
Port State Control (PSC) ،ودورها الحيوي في التأكد من مدى التزام اعالم السفن المختلفةومنها اعالم التسجيل المفتوح، بمعايير ومتطلب االتفاقيات والمعاهدات ذات الصلة، فسوف يتم حيث االنشاء والمبررات واالهداف وما حققته في السنوات الماضية من التعرض لهذه السلطة من اهداف وفوائد للسالمة واالمن الخاص بمنظومة وصناعة النقل البحري.

Mamdouh Awad Abdelrahman Shahhat

Abstract
Oceans have significant importance in achieving countries’ economic growth, increasing food security, and lessening poverty. However, a lack of coordination between externalities and stakeholders from various departments has caused adverse impacts on marine resources. Invasive marine species’ impacts on countries’ Gross Domestic Products (GDP) are higher than a natural disaster. In addition, they invaded the Mediterranean as a result of opening the Suez Canal and building the Aswan High Dams in the 1960s decreasing the amount of poured fresh water in the Mediterranean. Moreover, the number of natural predators such as sea turtles along the Mediterranean shoreline of Egypt has decreased because of marine pollution, climate change, and coastal development.
This paper focuses on identifying the challenges impeding the future harnessing of the Mediterranean services and goods. In addition, identifying reasons that led to. This research paper contains qualitative data to examine the significance of depending on
developing technologies and natural deterrents of invasive marine species to attain commercial benefits and sustain marine resources as well.

Capt. Mohamed Shendy, Capt. Samy Youssef

Abstract
The recent growth of Egyptian ports, which has resulted in the reception of new generations of ships and the importance of the Suez Canal as a global corridor for ships heading north or south, it is critical to begin developing advanced scientific means to develop navigational aids on the Egyptian coast in order to raise the level of maritime navigation safety in these critical areas. This paper examined evaluation carried out by marine officer on board M/V Aida4 for the navigational aids on the Mediterranean coast during a voyage from Al-Ajami lighthouse in the west to Damietta lighthouse in the east coast of Egypt from 2016 to 2020. This involved the realization of a series of practical experiments involving the use of a Virtual Automatic Identification System (VAIS), as well as virtual navigation lanes and aids With the implementation of a survey of the opinions of a group of navigators during the passage in these locations related to these tests in the ports of Alexandria, Abu Qir, and Damietta, This paper revealed a number of significant findings, including the existence of serious flaws in the efficiency of navigational aids’ operation, with the goal of offering the most practical recommendations for improving the efficiency of this aid through the use of new technology such as VAIS.

Khaled Senary, Amman Ali

Abstract
Accommodation spaces onboard ships are normally of small dimensions, which reduce the possibility of proper mixing between fresh and existing air. For ships with large crews, some cabins are occupied by four crew members, which increases heat loads in such spaces. For proper use of these cabins bunk beds are usually used, with the air trapped between lower and upper beds almost stagnant. On the other hand, the upper beds are usually very close to the ceiling which makes the situation even worse. Field measurements of air parameters inside a real ship crew cabin were considered and simulated using a well-known Computerized Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software to study the relationship between number of occupants and main design parameters. Results showed that thermal comfort can be reached through an optimal combination of main design parameters. Correlation between heat load and main design parameters would be taken into consideration for future feasibility study.

Foundational Concepts and Application Challenges of the GMP-BoK in light of Seafaring Officers’ Perspectives

Hossam Eldin Gadalla, Ahmed Ismail, Ibrahim Tayel

Abstract:
The recent and foreseeable developments in the maritime industry raise concerns regarding the current level of maritime competencies depicting that it falls well short of the industry’s expectations. As a response, the International Association of Maritime Universities (IAMU) has undertaken a serious initiative to establish the Global Maritime Professional-Body of Knowledge
(GMP-BoK) to bridge the gap between what is needed and what is produced by the STCW convention. As a result, MET institutions are confronted with the challenging task of establishing an appropriate pathway that would ensure successful adaptation to accommodate the GMP program into their MET system. Driven by the aim of supporting maritime institutions in facilitating the program’s implementation, the researchers of this study intended to clarify the foundational concepts of the program and identify relevant application challenges with a particular emphasis on investigating the seafaring officers’ perspectives. A descriptive-analytical method of research was employed in the study, and data was collected by reviewing related literature and analyzing the results of an online questionnaire for 408 maritime seafaring officers from the Middle East and African countries. The study’s findings illustrated a necessity for MET institutions to consider flexible learning as a vital approach in their plan to acquire the desired GMP learning objectives while meeting the demands of learners.

Ahmed M Khedr, Nada M Salama, Mohamed M Helmy, Hassan A ELHalawany

Abstract:
A continuous revise and validation for all information on nautical charts is very vital for responsible authorities to take the right decision, especially the guidelines about tidal datum connection with the geodetic vertical datum. This data is needed to be updated continuously as a result of sea-level changes beside tectonic plates movements. The current paper’s primary objective is to calculate the tidal levels in Port Said (PS) on Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Hourly sea-level dataset was collected inside Port Foad port, which enclosed with Port Said harbor in the same basin. Harmonic analysis was applied using TIDE tool of Delft-3D hydrodynamic mode. Tidal regime ratio was calculated using Form Factor (FF)equation, indicating 0.21 that expresses semidiurnal
tidal domain in the area. Tidal datum levels were realized referred to the Egyptian Surveying Authority (ESA) zero datum, as provided by the Suez Canal Research Institute (SCRI). Furthermore, tidal levels were calculated using MATLAB, fulfilling
the most recent definition for both lowest (LAT) and highest (HAT) Astronomical Tides accredited by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). Based on the results of analysis and calculations, ranges between highest and lowest same expressions (MHWS & MLWS, MHWN & MLWN, HHWL & LLWL, HAT & LAT) were equivalent to (0.368, 0.096, 0.4372, 0.496 m) respectively. According to the Naval Recruiting and Training Agency (NRTA) a safety margin of (± 10 cm) was added to all calculated levels. Moreover, from statistical analysis of observed sea level dataset, it was found that the highest observed water level is (19.128 m), while the lowest
recorded water level is (17.318 m), which means a range of (1.81 m) with standard deviation (0.16 m), referred to the (ESA) Zero level. In a nutshell, there is a constant deference in LAT between 1906 – 2015 by 20 cm due to the new definition of LAT level by IHO in 2011, that increased the values. Additionally, HAT and LAT astronomical level values are recommended to be updated in all concerned nautical publications by 18.72 m and 18.01 m respectively, that means astronomical tidal level range equals (0.516 m) referred to the same datum (ESA) zero level.
Keywords: Port Foad; Tidal datum; Sea level analysis; Chart Datum

Mohamed H. M. Hassan, Ahmed  Mohamed Aly

Abstract:
This research aims to test the performance of ports before and after the application of green port. Therefore, the researcher used the positivism philosophy in this study and the deductive approach because they are more compatible with the nature of the research and with what the researcher wants to reach. He also followed a quantitative method in collecting data, as he prepared a questionnaire and distributed it to 385 seafarers. The data is analyzed using statistical method such as independent sample t
test. The results indicated that the performance of ports is better after the application of green ports.
Keywords: Green Port, Performance, Pollution, Energy.

Numerical Modeling for Tidal Characteristics and Datum Calculation from Sea Level Simulation in Al-Ahmadi Harbor, Kuwait

Ahmed M.Khedr, Mohamed Mohsen, Mostafa Rabah, and Fahmy Abd Elhaleem

Abstract:
Sea level as a major oceanographic parameter is always needed in the field of hydrographic surveying for Chart Datum (CD) realization. Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) is a physical surface and the most recent used tidal datum as defined by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO); “The lowest tidal level may occur under average meteorological conditions and under combination of any astronomical conditions” (IHO, 2011). It was adopted to be used as the vertical tidal datum for depths
reduction on nautical charts. In the current paper, the main objective is to calculate the height of (LAT) referred to the mean sea level in Al-Ahmadi harbor, Kuwait. Sea level data were measured by sea level sensors using offshore Acoustic Doppler Current
Profiler (ADCP). Simulated sea level time series was acquired from Delft-3D hydrodynamic model, and then it was used for chart datum calculation. Both observed and modeled sea level series were analyzed using harmonic analysis technique, to separate tidal from non-tidal components. Results of both data sets modeled and observed (tidal and non-tidal signals) were cross-correlated for model validation. Results showed a strong direct correlation between both tidal and residual components from both data sets by 97.93 % and 98.06 % respectively. Furthermore, from harmonic analysis it was found that M2 (Principal lunar semi diurnal), K1
(principal luni-solar diurnal), O1 (principal lunar diurnal) and S2 (Principal solar semi diurnal) are the most significant and dominant tidal constituents in the area. Moreover, tidal type regime Form Factor (FF) ratio shows a mixed semi-diurnal tidal regime by
(0.85). These outcomes agree with the results obtained by (Pous, 2012; and Akbari, 2016) using shallow water model and 3D coastal ocean model respectively, for the same area. The tide asymmetry ratio, which is regarded as the major representation of harbor
sediment transport, was 0.0193 and 0.0191, respectively, for both observed and modeled datasets, indicating that there is a distortion in tide wave in the area, with ebb dominant outflow sediment transport away from the harbor. Finally, from modeled sea
level dataset, LAT as Chart-datum in the area was found (1.57 m) below Mean Sea Level (MSL), which is higher than the one calculated by the European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG 5188) during mina Al-Ahmadi refinery construction in 2004 by (5 cm).